In March 2005 NPD Online conducted a survey among online PC users regarding technologies installed on their desktops. Macromedia Flash penetration was estimated at 98.3%, followed by Sun Microsystems’ Java with 87.6% and Adobe Systems’ Acrobat Reader with 87.1% penetration. Apple QuickTime Player is installed on 62.1% of desktops, while RealPlayer boasts 60.8% presence. Penetration of Macromedia Shockwave Player and ViewPoint Media Player is estimated at 54.1% and 50.9% respectively.